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不銹鋼錐形旗桿鋼絲繩使用壽命

文章來源:本站原創  發布日期:2020/12/11

1.鋼絲繩的質量
鋼絲的質量其實是主導鋼絲繩的使用壽命的最為重要的因素。如果鋼絲的材質得不到保證,那鋼絲的使用壽命肯定會降低。除此之外,鋼絲的生產工藝對于鋼絲的質量也是至關重要的。比如,在鋼絲冷拔的時候,可以根據不同材質的抗拉強度,這樣可以確定總壓縮率以及每次的壓縮率。不能只為了增大效率而忽略了鋼絲的性能問題。
2.鋼絲繩的結構型式
2.1按股中相鄰的二層鋼絲的接觸狀態有點接觸、線接觸和面接觸鋼絲繩
(1)點接觸鋼絲繩是采用相同的直徑鋼絲來捻制的。(2)線接觸鋼絲繩是采用不同的直徑鋼絲來捻制的。(3)面接觸鋼絲繩常以圓鋼絲作為股芯,然后在最外面的那一層或者說是幾層來采用斷面的鋼絲,可以用擠壓方法來繞制。
2.2還有按照鋼絲繩的捻向來分有交互捻,同向捻以及不扭轉鋼絲繩
(1)交互捻鋼絲繩。它的絲捻成股與股捻成繩的方向是相反的。(2)同向捻鋼絲繩。它的絲捻成股與股捻成繩的方向相同。(3)不扭轉鋼絲繩。這種鋼絲繩由兩層繩股來組成,它的支撐點會比普通的鋼絲繩大概增加了3.3倍,會產生很大的抗擠壓強度,破斷的拉力常常大于普通鋼絲的破斷拉力。所以鋼絲繩應該要先選用不扭轉的鋼絲繩,然后再選用交繞繩或者說是順繞繩。3.鋼絲繩的纏繞方式
當卷筒繩槽是從右向左時,繩就要從卷筒的下端繞出來,當卷筒繩槽的走向從右向左時,繩就要從卷簡上端繞出。不然,鋼絲繩繞在卷筒上就會變亂會降低鋼絲繩的壽命。
4.摩擦與潤滑鋼絲繩的摩擦現象會分為鋼絲之間的摩擦以及鋼絲繩和物體的摩擦
內部摩擦-鋼絲繩經過卷筒時所承受的負荷都壓在鋼絲繩的一側,細鋼絲的曲率半徑也不可能完全相同。而且由于鋼絲繩的彎曲,鋼絲繩內部各個細鋼絲會產生滑移,會讓相鄰股間的鋼絲產生局部的壓痕。
外部摩擦-鋼絲繩在使用的過程中,它的外層與滑輪槽、鉤頭等東西表面來接觸,或與二層鋼絲繩產生的擠壓引起的摩擦。外部摩擦會讓鋼絲繩的外層繩股的表面產生磨損,磨損后的鋼絲繩繩徑會變細,產生徑縮和斷絲,鋼絲繩的壽命就會大大縮短。這是煤礦纏繞式提升機鋼絲繩更換的主要原因,因此,棗莊市留莊煤業有限公司主副井提升機均采用增大滾筒直徑,以減少鋼絲繩在滾筒上纏繞二層的情況,避免鋼絲繩在滾筒上產生二次磨損的情況。
5.繩槽尺寸
滑輪的槽底半徑對于鋼絲繩的使用長短非常重要,一定要合適。如果繩槽太大,會使鋼絲繩沒有足夠的支撐,會引起過早的斷絲;如果繩槽太小的話,就會擠壓鋼絲繩,會變形。
6.鋼絲繩的彎曲
彎曲曲率半徑即繩徑比上鋼絲繩的彎曲曲率半徑,是用提升機滾筒或提升絞車卷筒的直徑和鋼絲繩的直徑之比來表示的。鋼絲繩在現場使用的過程中所受到的彎曲應力會變大,交變應力的幅值也會變大。而在拉力相同的情況之下,滾筒的直徑會減小,鋼絲的彎曲變形會變大,那么鋼絲的磨損就會加快,鋼絲繩的壽命也會隨著變短。反之,滾筒的直徑越大,那么鋼絲繩的彎曲力就會相應減小,鋼絲繩的壽命會變長。因此在條件允許的情況下提高滾筒的直徑是一個提高鋼絲繩使用壽命的首選辦法。
在摩擦式提升機安排滑輪布局的時候,就要避免讓鋼絲繩發生反向彎曲。反向彎曲了的話,鋼絲繩就會受到更多次的反向彎曲,在這個交變應力的作用下,就會減小鋼絲繩的壽命。
7.安全系數的選取
鋼絲繩隨載荷的增加也會伸長,當載荷超過了彈性極限的時候,鋼絲繩就可能會斷裂。而安全負荷就是鋼絲繩所能承受的額定靜負荷。但是鋼絲繩在實際處于運動的狀態,還會因為受到了加速度以及沖擊引起的動載荷等等。
當除了靜載荷以外的載荷增多了時,安全系數則會降低,鋼絲繩會過載。過載的鋼絲繩就算沒有發生斷裂事故,這樣也會大幅度的降低使用壽命。
8.非穩定載荷
非穩定載荷,主要是指鋼絲繩受到了劇烈的沖擊振動的載荷。鋼絲繩在使用的過程中,運行速度常發生變化,會造成沖擊載荷。雖然沖擊載荷不一定會導致鋼絲繩斷裂,但是多次的沖擊,也會嚴重地縮短鋼絲繩的使用壽命。對于那些已經使用了很長一段時間的鋼絲繩,伸縮性會變小,抵抗沖擊性的能力也會變低。所以,要避免運動中極具的變化,這樣可以縮小鋼絲的使用壽命。
9.工作環境
鋼絲繩在井筒淋水,潮濕以及污染等惡劣環境中,會因為電化學反應的作用和細菌的侵蝕,被腐蝕,這會直接影響到鋼絲繩的使用壽命。所以在惡劣的環境中要勤加油潤滑,還要采用鍍鋅等特種鋼絲繩。這種鋼絲繩,能有效地防止鋼絲繩的腐蝕。

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